A Look at Information Architecture: Ordering, Labelling and Navigation Systems
An Information Architect is somebody who organises information. The course text for 3623ICT uses the phrase "Internet librarian" at one point - which I feel really helps the average person grok the meaning of the title, although technically an Information Architect doesn't always work on Internet connected content.

The Information Archictecture Summoning Circle. Just add goat.
In this post I describe the role an Information Architect plays and touch on some of the problems they may deal with and conclusions they may come to.
An Information Architect differs from a Librarian in that they have more challenges to deal with and that they'd rarely deal with dead tree format. Like a Structural Architect, they have to design systems that suit a wide range of situations - rather than the somewhat static, well defined and typical Library universe of discourse that a Librarian deals with. A restaurant building is different from a school building and a blog site is different from a product sales and support site.
A particular universe of discourse can be described by considering the three different sections in the diagram above which shows the views an architect (or designer) must consider for any situation. You could come up with analogies for the concept of dealing with the other parts of an Information Architect's job (search & navigation systems, thesauri definition, taxonomy and metadata, etc.) but I assume there's no need to.
It is typical to find Information Architects working on larger websites, and perhaps just Web Designers who understand the basics of Information Architecture on smaller sites. Though, there is no reason a dedicated Information Architect couldn't be hired in a consulting capacity on a smaller site.
Whether a full-time Information Architect or not, people in this role working on websites design the following:
- Organisation systems
- Labelling systems
- Search systems
- Navigation systems
- Thesauri, Controlled Vocabularies, and Metadata
Let's have a look at a basic Information Architecture problem...
Sorting
This is a list of a different things in no particular order.
Unsorted List
El Paso, Texas
Saint Nicholas, Belgium
The Lord of the Rings
Newark, New Jersey
XVIIme siècle
.38 Special
St. Louis, Missouri
New York, New York
1001 Arabian Nights
The 1-2-3 of Magic
Albany, New York
#!%&: Creating Comic Books
The Hague, Netherlands
$35 a Day Through Europe
H20: The Beauty of Water
Plzen, Czech Republic
To sort this list, we can approach it through Exact Organisation Schemes which include alphabetical/alphanumeric (in order of number/letter), chronological (in order of time) and geographical (by location). The simplest would be alphanumerical "dictionary sort" in ascending order. I sorted the following with GNU Sort's dictionary sort (sort -bdf).
Dictionary Sort
1001 Arabian Nights
$35 a Day Through Europe
.38 Special
Albany, New York
#!%&: Creating Comic Books
El Paso, Texas
H20: The Beauty of Water
Newark, New Jersey
New York, New York
Plzen, Czech Republic
Saint Nicholas, Belgium
St. Louis, Missouri
The 1-2-3 of Magic
The Hague, Netherlands
The Lord of the Rings
XVIIme siècle
Let's consider some problems with this blind alphanumerical dictionary sort:
- Place names with prefixes such as The and El get sorted by these prefixes first and then the actual name. To this effect The Hague gets sorted under T rather than the secondary, possibly more meaningful and useful H. Likewise El Paso gets sorted under E rather than P. This problem makes this "exact" organisation scheme a bit ambiguous and the solution may be to simply ignore this problem if content isn't too clustered around common prefixes.
- Newark, New Jersey gets sorted before New York, New York because the a in Newark immediately places it above the Y of the same position in New York.
- Saint Nicholas, Belgium is before St. Louis, Missouri because the a in Saint Nicholas is sorted before the t in St. Louis. GNU Sort does not take into account that St. and Saint are the same thing, else they would have their positions swapped. Similarly XVII in XVIIme siècle is not taken to be the more literal 17 instead and ends up at the end the list instead of the beginnig.
- Numbers are handled as the precursors to letters. If you had 1st Birthday, 2nd Birthday and Third Birthday they would appear to be sorted in that order.
- Punctuation and special characters are basically the same thing, however it is worth noting that the options I specified to GNU Sort told it to ignore the space if it was the first character. GNU Sort orders these characters by their position in the ASCII Table. The sorting options I used also ignored capital letters - if you look at the ASCII table linked above you can see that this makes a difference to the program as capital letters appear before lower case. Having capitals appear first may be desirable in some cases, it may be a quick way of separating out Proper Nouns in English texts (though obviously error prone).
- If we assume that the italicsised items are book titles there is a more useful way to organise this list such as books first. However if there is a book with a name that is also a location this scheme could get confusing due to insufficient formatting a metadata to clearly express the difference.
- If the cities represent places you’ve visited and the book titles are ones you’ve read, chronology could be used to represent a timeline of these events. Though, it is worth noting that events can overlap with this scheme and people in the original set are discarded..
The following table represents places visited and books read over time. In intervals where books were read and places were visited in the same year I put the books last in alphanumeric order.
Year | Event(s) |
---|---|
1991 | $35 a Day Through Europe |
1992 | .38 Special |
1993 | Albany, New York; #!%&: Creating Comic Books |
1994 | El Paso, Texas; H20: The Beauty of Water |
1995 | Newark, New Jersey; New York, New York; Plzen, Czech Republic |
1996 | The Hague, Netherlands; The 1-2-3 of Magic |
1997 | The Lord of the Rings; XVIIme siècle |
The above table makes sense if you regard reading a book and visiting a place as just generic events, but an even more useful representation of the data would be the books read in those cities regardless of year, but in chronological order. Andreas Lukita has suggested this in his blog.